3d drawing of people face pushing through wall

xv Means to Draw the Illusion of Depth

Updated: 21 February 2022

When drawing in a realistic style, it is helpful to draw from direct ascertainment, or by using reference images.

However, for an initial sketch, or when drawing from imagination, there are several proven methods to create the illusion of depth.

1. Volume

Unlike apartment objects, 3D objects appear to have volume, and therefore indicate depth.

A three-dimensional object has highlighted and shadow areas, depending on the location of the light source.

Apartment vs 3D object with book

Example:

Pen and ink olive tree

2. Size

According to the rules of perspective, the farther an object is, the smaller it looks.

For that reason, when yous draw similar objects in different sizes, the observer can conclude that smaller objects are farther abroad, thus create a sense of depth.

Objects with different size

Case:

Pen and ink olive trees

In addition, you can use size to create a sense of space.

Adding a minor object to a defined infinite, makes it look big:

Small object defines big space

Adding a big object to the same space, makes it look small-scale:

Big object defines pocket-size space

iii. Overlapping

A trunk concealing part of another body indicates that the body it is hiding is farther away.

Overlapping objects

Overlapping is a powerful method to add depth!

Instance:

Overlapping olive trees

If you similar my tree drawings, yous are welcome to visit my guide on how to draw ANY tree with a pen.

4. Position/Height

When the base of objects is positioned college on the drawing surface, they expect farther away.

Different positioning

In most cases, the base of closer objects is lower on the cartoon surface, AND the tiptop part of shut objects is college than far objects.

Notation:

This happens when the horizon is placed in the middle (more on that afterwards).

Closer object position & height

The reason is the observer'due south visual angle, meaning not measuring in meters simply in degrees, in perspective.

Observer angle of sight

Retrieve:

In that location is no actual depth in a drawing; the paper sheet is apartment. Therefore, use height to determine the illusion of depth.

Example:

Tree position

When looking from above, the pinnacle part of closer objects is lower on the drawing surface.

View from above

Here is my review of recommended technical pens for drawing.

5. Dissimilarity & Details

The contrast between the dark and light areas decreases, equally does the amount of details, equally an object is further away.

Decreasing levels of contrast & details

That is to say, when drawing or painting, areas with high contrast come forrard, and areas with less dissimilarity recede.

Instance:

Trees pencil drawing

half-dozen. Edges

When an object or surface ends in a sharp way, it means it has a hard edge.

Soft edges are when objects end in a gradual way, from dark to calorie-free.

Difficult/sharp vs soft edges

Foreground objects have difficult edges, and therefore in focus.

Background objects have soft edges, and therefore blurry.

Background objects have soft edges

This happens due to atmospheric perspective.

Meaning, with altitude, at that place are more than atmosphere (air) particles between the observer and the object.

These particles scatter low-cal. That is why distant objects look blurry, and with fewer details and dissimilarity.

7. Horizon

Dividing your drawing into ground and sky by a horizon line, mountain range, vegetation, or any other way, attests to depth.

In addition, by adding ground, the objects stop "hovering".

Horizon and basis

Pencil drawing example:

Snowy horizon & pine tree

Recollect:

Your drawing surface is flat! You have no depth, just width and acme.

As objects are closer to the horizon, they appear farther abroad.

Height every bit a measure of altitude

In the paradigm above, copse that are higher on the drawing surface (toward the horizon) look farther away.

Clouds that are lower on the cartoon surface (toward the horizon) look farther away.

For a listing of equipment that I use for drawing, visit my guide for pencil cartoon materials.

eight. Perspective

By using linear perspective, information technology is possible to demonstrate depth in a realistic manner.

Linear perspective

Example:

House sketch in perspective

If you lot are new to linear perspective, read my linear perspective guide, it is an important drawing key.

nine. Foreshortening

Objects in front of the viewer, such as buildings, trees, mountains, people, etc., look smaller as they are farther away, but maintain the ratio between elevation and width. This ways that in that location is no baloney.

On the other hand, when you modify the object (or your) angle of sight, and the object is now along the line of sight, it gets shorter in that management.

Foreshortened oil painting

This distortion is due to the bending of sight. The more an object is in your management of sight, the more than information technology is distorted (becomes much shorter in that direction).

For example, a lake that in reality can be circular, in perspective becomes more elliptical as the altitude between it and the observer grows.

Foreshortened lake

Note:

Cast shadows are subject to foreshortening (unless they are in front end of the observer).

Bandage shadow foreshortening

Agreement foreshortening is THE central advantage of experienced artists, peculiarly when drawing from imagination.

Foreshortened cylinder

Once your sketch is right, information technology is ready for rendering.

Coloring with markers

If y'all are new to foreshortening, visit my guide on cartoon from imagination (Information technology is an advanced guide, but explained step-by-step).

10. Colors

Co-ordinate to the rules of atmospheric perspective, the farther an object is, the more its color (hue) shifts toward the groundwork color, which is usually blue sky.

Light-green slightly shifts to bluish

11. Saturation

The further an object is, the less saturated its colour is.

In other words, its color is less rich, bright, or intense, therefore becoming slow or neutral.

Far objects are dull or grayish

Instance:

Seashore oil painting

12. Temperature

Purple, blue and greenish are cool colors; they bring to mind the bounding main, and other cool things.

Ruddy, orange and xanthous are warm colors; they bring to mind fire, or other warm things.

The farther abroad an object is, at that place are more atmosphere particles between information technology and the observer, i.e. the atmosphere color has a bigger effect.

When the sky is blue, the color of groundwork objects shifts gradually toward a bluish hue due to scattered light, and therefore becomes libation.

Foreground objects are warmer than the background objects since there are less atmosphere particles between the observer and the foreground objects.

Opposite phenomenon may occur in sunrise or sunset.

Temperature in landscape

For a review of markers I use for cartoon, visit my markers guide.

13. Values

According to atmospheric perspective, farther objects have higher brightness values, meaning their color is lighter.

Farther object is lighter

For monochromatic drawing, like pencil cartoon, the same principle applies.

The key is to press harder with a drawing pencil for darker values, or to apply pencils with unlike brightness values.

Foreground objects are darker

In addition, transitions (gradient) in effulgence values can be used to create the illusion of depth.

Transition from dark to calorie-free

Transition from calorie-free to nighttime

14. Cast Shadow

It is important to depict or paint cast shadows when necessary, and to adjust their direction to the opposite side of the light source.

Cast shadow

Example:

Landscape with pen & ink

In order to learn how to compose a scene and return it, read my tutorial on composition drawing.

fifteen. Brushstrokes & Marks

Some painting styles are done with a collection of single brushstrokes. For instance, painting grass blades or leaves.

In these cases, use larger paintbrushes for foreground strokes.

Yous can do the same with a technical pen.

Utilize a pen with a bigger nib size for bigger marks when drawing foreground objects, and a smaller nib size for background objects.

Unlike nib sizes

Example:

For an initial sketch, the direction of lines/marks or brushstrokes is of import.

Same basic shape with different marks direction tells a dissimilar story:

Marks direction for creating shapes and depth

When planning a painting, the direction of marks play a major part:

Marks every bit outset stride

And, they are necessary when painting.

Example:

Tree in dusk oil painting

If you are new to oil painting, it is proficient to know the dissimilar types of paintbrushes for oil painting.

Summary

The cardinal to create depth when cartoon is the use of unlike methods to produce a 3-dimensional look on a 2-dimensional surface.

Simply put, there is no bodily depth in drawing (or painting), merely an illusion of depth.

Colors:

When using colors, pay attending to color attributes such every bit hue, saturation, value, and temperature.

In a monochromatic drawing, correct brightness values are crucial.

Landscape vs still life:

For landscape painting, information technology is beneficial to sympathize linear and atmospheric perspective.

When painting a still life, use methods like contrast, overlap, and soft edges, to create depth.

Where to go side by side?

After agreement depth, you might want to visit my beginners guide to realistic pencil drawing.

And, acquire about the viii key factors for painting realism.

If you like drawing with pens, here is my bloom drawing guide.

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